U.S. Military Women in Vietnam Essay Example for Free

U.S. Military Women in Vietnam Essay United States military women played important roles during the war, in Vietnam. Women served on voluntary terms and proved to aid amid the destruction and death in Vietnam. When Diane Carlson Evans, a former army nurse in Vietnam, first saw the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, she felt something was missing. Her efforts to highlight the service of women in Vietnam were rewarded on November 11, 1993, when the Vietnam Womens Memorial was dedicated. We learn from (Anderson, p. 99) that, â€Å"All women who served in Vietnam were volunteers, whether civilian or military. At one time there was discussion about drafting women nurses, but this was never implemented. Some women military asked to go to Vietnam, and some were sent against their wishes and even against recruiters promises, but all were volunteers because they voluntarily signed up for the military. † The discussion came up about drafting women, during Vietnam but it was decided that women would not be ordered to serve during this war. There was a huge need for nurses and other jobs, in Vietnam, but the draft was never made mandatory. We learn from Joan Arrington Craigwell and Ellen Hoffman Young, (Craigwell, Young, p. 77) that â€Å"Significant numbers of women served admirably in all branches of service as professional nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, air traffic controllers, aerial reconnaissance photographers, intelligence and language specialists, legal officers, and in security and administrative positions. Civilian women also served in Vietnam in the Red Cross, USO, the Central Intelligence Agency and the U. S. Agency for International Development, as well as in other government agencies. Other women worked there as journalists, flight attendants, and in various church and humanitarian organizations. † We also learn that, â€Å"Where are these women today? Could they possibly be your wife, your nurse, co-worker, your supervisor, your physician or your next door neighbor? Could you find them if you looked? These women have camouflaged themselves, an easy task in our society. All they have to do is keep quiet. Women served alongside men in that sink-pit of war. For the country to heal, these women need to reveal the full depth of their experiences, first to themselves and then to the rest of us. Its time for womens experiences and contributions to be recognized and acknowledged as an important part of the history of the Vietnam conflict. †Women have not necessarily been associated with serving in the United States, during Vietnam. When we think about Vietnam, we most likely connect the war with an all male group. Many women served in Vietnam and made huge contributions to this war effort. We learn from the Tod Advisor’s Notebook that, (Women in Vietnam, p. 1) â€Å"In 2002, we think nothing of seeing women soldiers going into combat, or women police officers on our streets. This is a fairly recent development and, even today, these are far from accepted roles for women outside the United States (and Canada). During the time of TOD, 1967-69, womens role in society was very limited. In the military, women were mostly restricted to clerical or medical duties. All women who served in the Armed Forces were either volunteers or obligatories (again, my term), the latter being mostly nurses who had received public funding for their training and were obliged to serve two years in the military in exchange. During the period of the Vietnam War, women did not attend West Point or participate in ROTC programs. Far fewer women served in the military (either in total or as a percentage) than had served in WW II.

Factors That Influence Teen Violence :: essays research papers

In today's society, the teenage population has experienced an increase in violence. Teens face many situations that cause these problems. Several factors are mass media, peer pressure, and society's view on the "perfect" person. Television, radio, and news papers are all ways of transferring messages to people. One might see a violent movie and decide to re-enact the scenes thus causing harm to one's self or to others. Hidden meanings of racism and hate are put into music. Teens hear the words of their supposed role models and think it is OK to follow in their foot steps. When reading of such violent acts as the Oklahoma City bombing or the murders of Nicole Brown-Simpson and Ron Goldman, it is taken to most that anyone can get away with crime. Peer pressure is another big factor. Teenagers rely a great deal upon their peers for guidance and support. Sometimes this is the wrong path to take. Friendship is a word that is thrown around a little too loosely now days. Teens le t their "friends" talk them into doing things that they would not normally do. Drugs and theft are brought into these relationships also. Today's youth must learn to be leaders, not followers.Society can often be a harsh world to live in for a teen. To be considered "in" you must fit the role of the "perfect person." As young adults, teens are trying to find themselves. They look toward celebrities and leaders for a goal. They try to buy the right clothes, wear the nicest shoes, and be present at all the social events. To fit in, some are pushed to the edge. If you are caught in a dark alley at the wrong time, you might be killed just for your name brand shoes.

Comparing the Poem “Richard Corey” with Money and Happiness

Do money and happiness go together? In the poem â€Å"Richard Corey ,â€Å" the author wants the reader to think or accept the generalization that money does not bring you happiness. There are different people in the public eye who would make you think, no, money does not make you happy. Then there are people in the public eyes that you would think, yes, money can make a person happy. But, does money really make you happy? Well, personally I have never been rich. I was poor and now I have enough money to save and pay bills so that I am not living pay check to pay check. There are famous people who are wealthy. They have drug problems, alcohol issues, and behavioral issues with the law. They are not happy. When you have a drug or an alcohol problem then you are running from deep-rooted issues. Look at Charlie Sheen, Whitney Houston, Elvis Presley, Kat Williams and many others. These people have either died from overdoses or have been in trouble with the law from either alcohol or drug related problems. I don’t think all the money in the world would have made or make them happy. If anything, money was a short term solution to their problems. Would they act the same if they were poor? There are people like Oprah Winfry, Beyonce Knowles, Jay-z, Michele Obama, and many more that you would think that money made these people happy. They all go on trips, have nice houses, and they are not in the spotlight of the media for any drug, alcohol, or negative publicity. They are always smiling and they are family and friend oriented. So is it the money that makes them happy? I feel we will never know. I am far from having a lot of money. My husband and I live comfortably with the money we make. We work together to bring in the money to support our kids. My husband works really hard at his job. Are we happy? Yes, we are very happy. It’s not because of the money though. We make each other happy. We are surrounded by our family and friends. It’s the love we have for our kids, family, and each other that makes us happy. It was not always like that for me though. With my ex-husband, we were living pay check to pay check. We always were broke and needed help from family all the time. My ex-husband did not want to work and put all the stress to take care of everything on me. Was I happy? No, hence the reason he is my ex-husband. It was not because of the money though. It was because my ex-husband was like black smoke that smothered me and stressed me out so much. In conclusion, I don’t think money can make a person happy for the long haul. I feel that kind of happiness is for that moment. Materialistic things are only there for that moment. All I know is money is not the reason for my happiness. We all have our own reasons for our own happiness. What is yours?

The Influence of Buddhism in Chinese Martial Arts Essay

Gutowski 1 BrandonGutowski Carrie Morris Narration of Asia 30 January 2012 The Influence of Buddhism In Chinese Martial Arts Since first introduced During the Han Dynasty, Buddhism has played a major role in Chinese art and culture. This is especially true in the traditions that surround the art of Shaolin Kung-Fu, and their strong belief in Chan (Zen) Buddhism. Kung-Fu was Influenced by the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama and focuses heavily on the belief that enlightenment is attained through meditation. In this essay, Buddhisms influence on Shaolin Kung-Fu will be discussed, from how it started to how it thrives today in modern china. Michael Kampan O Reilly states in Art Beyond the West that Zen Buddhism teaches one can find†¦show more content†¦The tong qi-gong became the foundation on which Shaolin kung-fu was built. Eventually the kung fu was used as a form of fighting and the temple became known for its warrior monks. In 574AD Emperor Wudi banned Buddhism, the Shaolin was destroyed (Sara Naumann). During the Northern Zhou Dynasty Buddhism w as revived and The Shaolin rebuilt. It says in Art Beyond The West by Michael Kampan O Reilly that during the fourth and fifth centuries Buddhism became wide spread for the first time in China (126). The Tang Dynasty is when the Shaolin flourished. Thirteen warrior monks rescued the Emperors son Li Shimin from an army that was trying to take over the Tang. Once Emperor, Li Shimin named the Shaolin the Supreme Temple in all China. Shoulin kung-fu developed and advanced over the next few hundred years known as Shaolins Golden Era (Sara Naumann). Qing ruler burnt the Shaolin temple down, destroying there sacred texts.the Shaolin temple was rebuilt and destroyed over and over in the following centuries. At the brink of extinction, a few surviving monks continued to practice kung-fu behind closed doors. ant the end of the Qing Dynasty a few Shaolin monks went to Shingou Si, where they worked to preserve kung-fu. Among these monks were Zhan Ju, Zhan Mo, and Ji Qing. A few years later the re was a renewed interest and acceptance of kung-fu, and it remains to this day(shaolinShow MoreRelatedChin Culture, Economic, Political, Military Perspective1060 Words   |  5 PagesChina being an extremely large country, the customs and traditions of its people vary by geography and ethnicity. The Chinese Communist Party that rules the nation is officially atheist. However, it is gradually becoming more tolerant of different religions. There are currently only five official religions, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Protestantism. The Chinese constitution states that the people are allowed freedom of religion according to Council of Foreign Relations, but anyRead MoreThe Big Dipper in Taoism Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pagesworshipping of the Big Dipper has been around for ages and it has appeared many different cultures due to the influence of the Han culture. This is because of the popularity of Taoism as a religion. Due to the flourish of Taoism, the worshipping of Big Dipper star group bloomed among the people. However, with the fall of Taoism due to modernization and the impact of foreign religions such as Buddhism, Christianity and other religions, there has been a significant decandancy in the worshipping of stars.Read MoreThe Cultural Analysis Of Outdoor Leisure Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesChapter Five: The Cultural Analysis of Outdoor Leisure in the Select Field Cities 1. Introduction In the last chapter, the development of outdoor leisure practices in the selected cities is in tamed with the transformations of Chinese government economic strategies. With increasing disposable money, overall increased spare time compared with Maoist era, health conscious as well as the negative consequences caused by modernization in terms of high pressure of working condition with high trade-offRead More Exploring Different Aspects of Taekwondo Essay3391 Words   |  14 Pages Although many people who are unfamiliar with taekwondo believe it to be a blood-thirsty and violent sport, those who are involved in taekwondo know that it is more than a sport, but an art and a way of life which teaches non-violence and a strict code of moral conduct. TaeKwonDo: A Sport, A Culture, A Way of Life, I. Whether People Practice Taekwondo For ¡K. II. History of Taekwondo A. Koryo Dynasty (918-1392) B. Choson Dynasty (1392-1910) Read MoreBuddhism in Ancient Korea: The Impact1586 Words   |  6 PagesShamanism, Daoism, and Confucianism, and Buddhism. Buddhism is the religion that changed the society of Korea the most in the ancient times. As Buddhism spread in Korea, great inventions were made, the power hold of Korea started leaning the religion, and the social beliefs changed. These changes had positive results in Korea, and helped Korea to become a proud country. Just like many other religions, it has have effect and it still has effect on many cultures. Buddhism is the religion that affected ancientRead More: Discuss the History of Korea and Its Impact on Koreas Culture, Politics and Business.1397 Words   |  6 Pagesanother confederate kingdom similar to Koguryo (Jeane 2006). Shilla (BC 57 ~ AD 935) Shilla was the weakest and most underdeveloped among three kingdoms at the beginning. However, because it was geographically removed from Chinese influence, it was more open to non-Chinese practices and ideas. The society was built on an advanced Buddhist in Shilla (Edward 2005). * Unified Shilla (676 ~ 918) By the mid-sixth century, the Shilla kingdom had brought under its control all of surroundingRead MoreThe Chinese Traditional Culture Influences On The Outdoor Leisure And The Nature Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pages 2.1.2. The Chinese Traditional Culture influences on the Outdoor Leisure and the Nature As for the definition of â€Å"nature†, western definition of nature is in its literal meanings embodied in wildness e.g. natural landscape and wild things, which is intact from human interventions, while unlike Western culture’s definition of nature, Chinese traditional culture emphasizes the coexistence between human and nature. Leisure (xiu xian) in the ancient Chinese study will uncover the relationship betweenRead MoreUnity in Diversity4053 Words   |  17 Pagesgeography and the absorption of customs, traditions and ideas from some of its neighbours as well as by preserving its ancient heritages, which were formed during the Indus Valley Civilization and evolved further during the Vedic age, rise and decline of Buddhism, Golden age, Muslim conquests and European colonization. India does not have a strong uniform national culture. Indias great diversity of cultural practices, languages, customs, and traditions are examples of this unique co-mingling over the pastRead MoreKingdoms Rise And Fall And Out Of Their Ashes Come New Kingdoms1855 Words   |  8 PagesYunnan Province, which was called Peking man. Peking man could walk upright, create fire, and possessed the ability to make stone tools, but it wasn’t until 2183 BCE that the vestiges of China truly began to emerge. The Yellow River, the cradle of the Chinese civilization, flooded regularly, and King Shun appointed his minister Yu to rectify that problem. When Yu diverted the flood channels to the sea, he gained the epithet Yu the Great and became Shun’s successor. In 2183 BCE, Yu founded the first dynastyRead MoreBruce Lee Way Of The Dragon Essay4985 Words   |  20 Pagesin Arts and Science Prof. Wendy Sue Miner 24th October 2017 Preview Bruce Lee was an American and Hong Kong-based actor, film director, philosopher, poet and martial artist. More importantly, he was the inventor of Jeet Kune Do a improvised martial arts technique and a ambitious person. Bruce Lee started learning Wing Chun with his master Yip Man at age of only 13. And by the age of 18 he had already played in 20 movies. Later in the United states of America, Lee introduced Martial arts in 1960s

Essay on Manatees are Considered the Foundation of the...

Do you know that manatees are considered the foundation of the mermaid legend? They are considered the basis of the mermaid legend because it is believed manatees are responsible for sailors’ tales of mermaids and sirens. That must have been a long time at sea because the manatee’s also known as the sea cow. Manatees are marine mammals that breathe air through their nostrils. They are a few species of manatees: the West African, the Amazonian, and the West Indian. They are settled in rivers, in the ocean, and the shoreline of the islands. The name manatee comes from the Taino, a pre-Columbian people of the Caribbean, meaning, and â€Å"beast†. The manatees are critically endangered due to human conflicts and red tide; however, concerned†¦show more content†¦Then the single calf will stay with their mother for at least 2-3 years. Twins are rarely for manatees. The state released a hotline number for residents to call if they see a distressed manatee. If they didnt have people in the public trying to help, said Lee Ann Rottman, the zoos animal curator after getting out of the treatment pool, those manatees wouldnt make it. (Editing by David Adams and Eric Walsh) All manatees’ species are decreased throughout the last century, usually because of hunting pressure. Now, manatees are in danger. Even through, they are protected by the alliance constitution, they still face threats. There remain around 1,500 manatees in the United States, mainly close to Florida (Save the Manatees Club). No one knows how numerous they are in the rest of the world, due to the fact they are difficult and hard to count. They are established around the West Indies, on the east coasts of Central America and South America, around the Amazon River basin, and on the shore of West Africa. Furthermore on the Congo River and further bulky rivers of Africa in order a to flow in the direction of the Atlantic Ocean. Despite the fact populations of manatees have declined in most areas, there are probably at least many thousands living. Manatees may now come to extinction. Manatees have unique causes of death, most of which are just exactly like human causes of death. Some of these causes of

Piaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development - 930 Words

The Cognitive Development theory refers to the ability to learn through thinking and reasoning. Theorist Jean Piaget developed the stages of cognitive development according to age and how individuals learn through their environment and senses. Based on Education.com: Stages of Cognitive Development (Driscoll/Nagel ,2008), these stages are from infant to teenage years with specific abilities. The first stage of Piaget’s stages of development is called Sensorimotor, which starts at birth to two years of age. It describes how babies learn through their senses. The next stages is known as Pre-operational which are ages two through seven. During this stage, a child uses his or her own logic to express thinking. From the seven to eleven years of age, a child is in the Concrete Operational stage. He or she will use hands-on experience to increase knowledge. The final stage is Formal Operational. Between the ages of eleven and fifteen, an adolescent develops a more abstract form of kn owledge. One of the main differences between these stages is object permanence. Piaget designed these stages in a rigid format. This theory does not allow individual experience and background to be considered. In conclusion, a weakness of this theory is that is doesn’t mention how culture impacts learning. A strength of this theory is that it acts as a guide for educators to provide variation while lesson planning. The video, The Word Wall, showed children learning through the Cognitive DevelopmentShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development1385 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract In this paper, Piaget’s Stages of cognitive development will be briefly explained, and I will explain where my cousin, Laura, is according to these stages. The real names of people discussed in this paper have been protected by not using their real names, so their personal information is confidential. My fifteen year old cousin Laura has been through many changes, and I have watched the rapid transformation in her personality, attitude, and way of thinking all in the past few years. Read MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development1072 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology concepts including Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, psychoactive drugs, and dreams. The first concept that I can relate to is Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. Jean Piaget came up with this concept about how a child’s brain develops throughout their life. There are four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The two stages I can specifically relate to are the sensorimotor and preoperational stages. I have a three year old cousin whoRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development885 Words   |  4 PagesPiaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget was born on August 8th, 1896 in Switzerland. He was a very bright student, who had his PhD by the age of twenty-two. Piaget studied child psychology and concrete operations which lead to his theory of the four stages of cognitive development. These stages are still used now in preschool and elementary grade set-ups. The first stage in his theory is the sensorimotor stage which last roughly from birth to about two years of age. This stage actuallyRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget developed a cognitive approach to studying and classifying behavioral growth in stages. He believed that each child matured and learned at a different rate, so even though children mature in the same cognitive sequence, there might be separation in the achievement of each level from one child to the next (Swartwood, 2012, p. 46). Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development are Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational (Swartwood, 2012, p. 49). PiagetRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development Theory900 Words   |  4 PagesThe cognitive development theory refers to the ability to learn through thinking and reasoning. Theorist Jean Piaget developed the stages of cognitive developmental according to age and how individuals learn through their environment and senses. These stages are from infant to teenage years. The first stage of Piaget’s Stages of Development is called Sensorimotor, which are ages 0-2. It describes how babies learn through their environment. The Next stages is preoperational for ages two through sevenRead MorePiaget s Four Stages Of Cognitive Development1600 Words   |  7 PagesThought-out the course of this year we have looked at the biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional theories of the human life span from infancy to late adulthood. The biological aspect of life span focused on the physical changes of humans. There are phy sical changes that have to occur before a baby form in the fetus and then is born to this world. Through-out our life, the physical changes occur constantly till death and even more. There is no psychologist during the whole chapter that focusesRead MoreCritically Evaluate Piaget s Stage Theory Of Cognitive Development1605 Words   |  7 Pagesevaluate Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development Jean Piaget’s (1896-1980) theory of cognitive development is considered of significant importance and use, so much so, there has been considerable research to test his theories, but also, to refute his claims. Despite numerous objections to Piaget’s findings, I will maintain that Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development is continuously influential in contemporary psychology. I will briefly outline and explain Piaget’s four stages and due toRead MorePiaget s Stage Theory Account For Children s Cognitive Development1759 Words   |  8 PagesHow well does Piaget’s stage theory account for children’s cognitive development? Intro Piaget believed there were four stages in a child’s cognitive development and sub stages within these stages. These stages have been the object of debate since Piaget introduced them and are still continuously debated. All of the stages are very concrete and large scale. They don’t account for children at a particular age who are behind or ahead. Piaget underestimated the capability of children to do particularRead MorePiaget s Eight Stages Of Development And Vygotsky s Theory On Cognitive Development Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pagesthat happens is just apart of life. Two theories that I would like to focus on that I believe have had the biggest impact in my life are, Erikson’s eight stages of development and Vygotsky’s theory on cognitive development. Erikson’s theory is based off of 8 stages ranging from ages â€Å"zero† (birth); where we learn to either trust our caregiver(s) or we develop mistrust where we may become suspicious or anxious. Up until death, where we end with integrity vs. despair; where we either we either fullyRead MoreThe First Stage Of Jean Piaget s Cognitive Development982 Words   |  4 PagesThe first stage of Jean Piaget’s Cognitive development is the Sensorimotor Period. This stage is the earliest of cognitive growth. The Sensorimotor stage happen within the first two years of a child’s life. During this stage children are only aware of what is in front of them. They primarily focus what is in their possession at the moment, what they can get into, and their physical environme nt. When I was a child I went throw the process of the sensorimotor stage. My mom said when I was four months

Development of Liberal Democracy System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Development of Liberal Democracy System. Answer: Introduction: Much discussion has been made on the inside and outside of Islamic world as there are certain factors those are favorable and unfavorable for the development of liberal democracy. From the primitive time, there are some imposed realizations about Islam as they are very much non-civilized and non-democratic people. Political and economic objectivity of Islam and their impartiality to the whole nation is the key threat to the countries as well. The critical argumentation of this writing based on the Muslim existence and their reflection in the social perspective (Lentin, 2014). It is of itinerary for Muslims, chiefly and maybe completely, to construe and reinterpret the untouched creative meaning of their conviction, and to settle on how much to keep, and in what shape, of the wealthy accumulated tradition of fourteen centuries of Islamic history and civilization. The key purpose of that chosen article is to highlight the three basic considerations of Islamic objectivities. The mobilization of good Muslim is the first one that establishes the concept of Muslim faculty for the use of good purposes. Their subsistence is an evident dissimilarity between honest commentaries on slaughter in resistance of modernity and the apparent irrational of violent behavior that cannot be acceptable by improvement or the evaluation of the development management. In Iraq, most of the cases are happen due to dualism as this is the principal dualism that good and bad Muslims have done through their mind and that is imposed by the society and leaders (Jacoby, 2017). In its crudest form, cultureless establish a naive dualism in which a lively and vivacious West is contrasted with a warning and stationary East. The next objective is to create absolution of western overseas guiding principles. To express the identity of Muslims and entertain their confessional chauvin ism is the inevitable narrative that becomes ethnic for the state of Muslims (Fuller Kurpershoek, 2013). It is completely for the Muslims who primarily and perhaps interpret a reinterpret the pristine original faith in Islam and that retain the trust in accessing the faith in the culture of Islam. Not all Muslims provide the identical answers to the inquiry posed about the culture of Muslim tradition but a large amount will depend on the response that prevails in the Islamic experience and tradition. The phrase Islam as it is introduced at present seems to connote one straightforward fixation, but in fact is part literature, part ideological label, part negligible description of a belief called Islam. Today Islam is markedly disturbing news in the West (avdar Ya?ar, 2014). All through the earlier period few years, particularly since actions in Iraq wedged European and American concentration so powerfully, the media have consequently enclosed Islam: they have portrayed it, characterized it, analyzed it, given instantaneous courses on it, and therefore they encompass made it acknowledged. For the authentic state of culture in Islam and the representation of general sectarianism and occupation has the major impact on the opportunity of the tense situation. If the procedure talks about the strengths of the article it is quite definite to make dominant political, social and religious fact in the Islam culture (Meer Modood, 2016). There is a proportion of cultural differentiation whi ch is more relevant from the point of discrepancy and Islam culture (Oh, 2017). Islam culture and ethical consideration of Islamic adversity is the controlling and assuming behavior to enroll the strategic change in the emergency situations. There are some adverse situations have come as an instance of weaknesses and that also provide the terms of legislation interest in the force of accumulation. Legislation management force has impacted over the Muslim people and their survival existence in this globalized system (Akbarzadeh, 2016). Muslim attentiveness of weakness and overpower first achieved noteworthy appearance in the early eighteenth century, subsequent the catastrophic malfunction of the succeeding blockade of Vienna (1683) and the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), the first obligatory of a triumphant rival on an overpowered Ottoman government (Hussin, 2016). From that time the establishment of Islam in Europe and the imposed peripheral contraction bout the religion is established and that also generate the struggle against the community. Therefore, it can be concluded that Islam community allowing for the difficulties that Middle Eastern countries have inborn and the troubles that they brazen out, the prediction for Middle Eastern democratic state are not high-quality. The culture is based on the communist credentials and has provided risen the power of dynamic culture to make the culture of the religion. References Akbarzadeh, S. (2016). The Muslim Question in Australia: Islamophobia and Muslim Alienation.Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs,36(3), 323-333. avdar, G., Ya?ar, Y. (2014). Moving Beyond Culturalism and Formalism: Islam, Women, and Political Unrest in the Middle East.Feminist Economics,20(4), 33-57. Fuller, G., Kurpershoek, M. (2013).What Future for Political Islam(p. 46). WRR. Hussin, I. R. (2016).The Politics of Islamic Law: Local Elites, Colonial Authority Management, and the Making of the Muslim State. University of Chicago Press. Jacoby, T. (2017). Culturalism and the rise of the Islamic State: faith, sectarianism and violence.Third World Quarterly, 1-19. Lentin, A. (2014). Post-race, post politics: the paradoxical rise of culture after multiculturalism.Ethnic and Racial Studies,37(8), 1268-1285. Meer, N., Modood, T. (2016). Muslim-state relations in Great Britain: an evolving story. InMuslim Minority-State Relations(pp. 25-59). Palgrave Macmillan US. Oh, I. (2017). Islam and Local Culture: The Peril of State Violence and Hallyu Fandom in Indonesia (With Reference to Palestine).Kritika Kultura, (29), 232-257.