Low Jobs :: essays research papers fc

LOSTREWARD IF FOUND Higher Paying JobsThere are too many low paying jobs here in San Antonio. If this continues we will see San Antonios economy decline and this city will become nothing but a low income tourism town. The legions presence at one time gave San Antonio its backbone to fall back to. With the closing of Kelly Air Force base that backbone is now diminishing. Many hot labor workers, some who worked at the base for many years were forced to go back into a workforce, which did not pay as much as they were used to making at the base. Unfortunately, being a tourism town also brings with it the low service/low paying jobs and we are dependent on outside money to stimulate the local economy. You always hear rough new jobs coming to San Antonio, but the majority of them are companies flavor for low good workers. What is the Economic development foundation doing to attract big business here? What are our leaders thinking when they say they are promoting San Antonio and push ing for more than than jobs? Is this what they deliver, more hotels and restaurants so we can continue to serve the rich? We mustiness focus on luring new big businesses with higher skilled/high wage jobs. We must also educate our workforce to be able to compete for those positions.The primary fix to this problem is to bring high-income jobs to San Antonio. We need more jobs such as those in technology, industry, finance and healthcare. Cities like Dallas, Austin and Houston have been successful in attracting large corporations in bringing high-income jobs into their cities. We must be as creative if not more when convincing companies to move here. If we can offer hotels tax abatements to lure them into building here, why cant we do the same for high skilled worker typewrite companies that want to make San Antonio a home. Cities such as Dallas and Houston suffer from things like high cost of living, crime, pollution and bad traffic. These items should be carrots for us when comp anies are looking for a place to move into. Consider the following average annual salaries in San Antonio during 1998, a housekeeping supervisor earns around $17,600, a waitress about $12,550,an electronic engineer $57,290, financial managers $56,610, and medical scientists around $70,060. Looking at the previous salaries it is safe to say the here in San Antonio there is a simple disparity of salaries.

Georgiana in The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne :: essays research papers

In & deoxyadenosine monophosphate8220The Birthmark, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Georgiana& adenine8217s futile attempt to be flawless by cooperating in her declare murder doesn&8217t make her any wiser, especially because such a sacrifice does not earn her closeness with her economise. The character of Georgiana epitomizes the virtues upheld by the conventions of her age she is beautiful, docile and has no ambitions of her own other than to make her husband happy. In addition to this apparent perfect union is a "singular mark, deeply interwoven, as it were, with the texture and substance of her face" (Hawthorne 11). The birthmark is differently interpreted by all. Initially Georgiana thinks of the birthmark, as &8220a charm, and Aylmer knows not &8220whether to term the birthmark a defect or a beauty . . . (Hawthorne 11). Most persons of her own sex refers it as &8220the bloody hand, that &8220Quite destroy(s) the effect of Georgiana&8217s beauty . . . (Hawt horne 11). While her admirers &8220were won&8217t to say that some fairy at her birth-hour had laid her tiny hand upon the infant&8217s cheek, and left this impress the birthmark there in token of the magic endowments that were to give her such sway over all hearts (Hawthorne 11). Georgiana&8217s occasional approach towards the birthmark reveals while she answers &8220No, indeed, when her husband asks her &8220has it never occurred to you Georgiana that the mark upon your cheek might be removed? (Hawthorne 10). Aylmer however visions the birthmark as Hawthorne says &8220small blue stains which sometimes occur in the purest statuary marble . . . (11).Later on &8220Georgiana soon learn(s) to shudder as her husband&8217s hatred towards the birthmark considerably increases (Hawthorne 12). Aylmer&8217s obsession soon starts reflecting in Georgiana. She at this point ignores all warnings and falls prey to her husband&8217s ambition of removing the birthma rk, of which, he although is &8220convinced of the perfect practicability . . . (Hawthorne 13). Georgiana learns from Aylmer&8217s ideate that, there might be a situation in the course of the operation when he might be &8220inexorably resolved to cut or wrench it her heart away (Hawthorne 13). Her recent interlingual rendition of the birthmark overshadows this dream as she now even at the &8220remotest possibility wants that &8220the attempt be made, at whatever risk (Hawthorne 13).Aylemer&8217s dream however is not the only warning that Georgiana receives. Aylmer to gain confidence in her wife and to declare success in his new venture performs a oppose of experiments, which results futile.

The Impact of Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, and Local Color on The

Four major literary movements can claim some aspect of The Awakening, for in this fiddling compass . . . is illustrated virtually all the major American intellectual and literary trends of the nineteenth century (Skaggs, 80). The Romantic movement marked a profound teddy in sensibilities away from the Enlightenment. It was inspired by reaction to that periods concepts of clarity, order, and balance, and by the revolutions in America, France, Poland, and Greece. It expressed the assertion of the self, the power of the individual, a sense of the infinite, and transcendental nature of the universe. major themes included the sublime, terror, and passion. The writing extolled the primal power of nature and the spiritual link between nature and man, and was often emotional, marked by a sense of liberty, alter with dreamy inner contemplations, exotic settings, memories of childhood, scenes of unrequited love, and exiled heroes. In America, Romanticism coalesced into a distinctly Ame rican ideal making success from failure, the immensity of the American landscape, the power of man to conquer the land, and Yankee individualism. The writing was also marked by a type of xenophobia. Protestant America was faced with an influx of Catholic refugees from the Napoleonic Wars, of Asian workers who constructed the railroads, and the lingering issue of Native Americans. An insular attitude developed, the us and them in Whitman. The major writers of the period were Irving, Cooper, Emerson, Poe, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Whitman, Dickinson, and Melville. There are various romanticistic elements in The Awakening. Perhaps the most obvious and elemental are the exotic locale, use of color, and heavy emphasis on nature (cl... ...cause Robert to leave. Works Cited and Consulted Chopin, Kate, The Awakening A Solitary Soul. New York Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1992 Delbanco, Andrew. The Half-Life of Edna Pontellier. New Essays on The Awakening. Ed. Wendy Martin. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1988. 89-106. Koloski, Bernard, ed. Preface. Approaches to Teaching Chopins The Awakening. By Koloski. New York MLA, 1988. Martin, Wendy, ed. New Essays on the Awakening. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1988. May, John R. Local Color in The Awakening. Culley, 189-95. Seyersted, Per. Kate Chopin A Critical Biography. Baton Rouge Louisiana State UP, 1969. - - -. Kate Chopin and the American Realists. Culley 180-6. Skaggs, Peggy. Three Tragic Figures in Kate Chopins The Awakening. Louisiana Studies An Interdisciplinary Journal of the South 4 (1974) 345-64.

The Public Diaries :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Public DiariesYour secret loves and hates. Your tearful confessions. Your emotional epiphanies. A diary do-nothing be many things, but almost never is it something thats meant to be read by the entire world. Yet, with the availability of cheap, easy access space on the reality Wide Web, a growing minority of internet users is laying its lives and loves out for anyone with a web browser to see. Such a paradox might look like an unlikely basis for a new trend in web browsing, but in the last few years, the Internet has seen a accredited explosion of these public diarists. An online diary is simply a website on which the owner posts semiregular narrative about his or her life and thoughts. Just like a physical composition diary, it can be as fancy or as plain as you like with JavaScript substituting for quill pens and shabby ten-cent notebooks replaced by geocities.com. Online diary-keeping has experienced colossal growth over the past few years, going from only fifty or so journal websites in 1995 to over nine hundred immediately and those are just the ones that signal their desire to be known by pithing journal webrings or advertising on search engines. Together with diaries that remain anonymous, and those kept in a language other than English, there might be thousands altogether. Whats more, a large and thriving Internet community has sprung up most this community of diarists. You can read interviews with well-known diarists and news about online diaries , join a mailing list dedicated to the discussion of online journal-keeping , register your diary, or join any number of webrings devoted to categories as broad as new diarists (Chapter Two) and as specific as smokers (Smoke Rings). Indeed, the online journal-keeping community is something of a cross-section of society in general, represented by whole age groups (though mostly GenXers), both genders, and all personality types. There is nothing typical about a diarist, says Zach Garland of Za chsMind. The only similarity is they all love to express themselves online If these people were to meet in real life under completely random circumstances, it is doubtful even a third of them would give the other the time of day.But why would anyone want to keep his or her private diary on the Internet? The answers are as diverse as the diarists themselves. A survey of about fifty diarists conducted by The Mining Company, a company devoted to gathering statistics and information about all aspects of the Web, reveals that fully 50 percent are online because they want to hone their writing skills.

Interracial Relationships Essay -- Interracial Couples Marriage

Why do people stare at miscellaneous couples and live betrayed by the person of the same race? How must the couple feel when people stare at them everywhere they go? In June of 1958, a white man and a half African-American and half American-Indian woman, both indigene citizens of Virginia, wed in South America. Not long after the marriage the couple returned back to the state of Virginia where they decided to establish a happy family. In October of 1958 the couple received an indictment charge, stating that the marriage had violated Virginias law of no interracial marriages. The couple was found guilty and was sentenced to adept year in jail however, the judge saw no harm in the marriage. If the couple would leave the state of Virginia, and not come back until another twenty-five years, he would suspend the sentence. Interracial marriages go through trials and tribulations. Family acceptance is important to interracial relationships. One way a couple can tell if their family approves of the wedding is by how many people attend the ceremony. Of these ceremonies, whether religious or civil, the gatherings were small with only a few close relatives or friends attending (Porterfield 103). Family members, who do not accommodate with interracial relationships, will show how they feel by not attending the wedding. Close family members will support the bride and groom but not the marriage itself. later the marriage, the newly weds will sense tension at one anothers family gatherings (Porterfield 105). A newlywed couple call fors to feel a impregnable amount of acceptance because marriage is one of the biggest steps in ones life, and newlyweds need to know they have not made the wrong decision. The family of ones partner can cau... ...cult to do in society. Society figures that once a person has a drop of non-white in them, they are considered black not white. As part of life in this society, they must learn to deal with conflict such as racis m directed towards them from the individuals, who need to contain everyone into a particular category (Rosenblatt, Karis, Powell 193). If a parent was to check the white box and the appearance of their child seems to be blacker than white, it can be seen as a problem.In conclusion, society needs to consider the feelings of interracial couples. A person may not agree with interracial relationships, but they do not need to discriminate against them. Even today in the year 2002, society has its problems with interracial relationships. Through education and the way couples raise their children, the problem or problems facing interracial couples will diminish.

Interracial Relationships Essay -- Interracial Couples Marriage

Why do people stare at miscellaneous pair offs and feel betrayed by the soul of the same race? How must the couple feel when people stare at them everywhere they go? In June of 1958, a gabardine man and a half African-American and half American-Indian woman, both native citizens of Virginia, wed in South America. Not long after the union the couple returned back to the state of Virginia where they decided to establish a happy family. In October of 1958 the couple received an indictment charge, stating that the marriage had violated Virginias fair play of no motley marriages. The couple was found guilty and was sentenced to atomic number 53 year in jail however, the judge saw no harm in the marriage. If the couple would leave the state of Virginia, and not come back until another(prenominal) twenty-five years, he would suspend the sentence. Interracial marriages go through trials and tribulations. Family acceptance is important to racial relationships. One way a co uple can tell if their family approves of the wedding is by how many people attend the ceremony. Of these ceremonies, whether religious or civil, the gatherings were small with scarcely a few close relatives or friends tending (Porterfield 103). Family members, who do not agree with interracial relationships, will show how they feel by not attending the wedding. Close family members will support the bride and groom but not the marriage itself. After the marriage, the newly weds will sense tension at one anothers family gatherings (Porterfield 105). A newlywed couple needs to feel a substantial amount of acceptance because marriage is one of the biggest steps in ones life, and newlyweds need to know they have not made the wrong decision. The family of ones partner can cau... ...cult to do in society. Society figures that formerly a person has a drop of black in them, they are considered black not white. As part of life in this society, they must contain to deal with confl ict such as racism directed towards them from the individuals, who need to fit everyone into a particular category (Rosenblatt, Karis, Powell 193). If a parent was to check the white box and the appearance of their child seems to be blacker than white, it can be seen as a problem.In conclusion, society needs to consider the feelings of interracial couples. A person may not agree with interracial relationships, but they do not need to discriminate against them. Even today in the year 2002, society has its problems with interracial relationships. Through education and the way couples raise their children, the problem or problems facing interracial couples will diminish.

Ruse’s Argument

The primary argument of Michael R recitation regarding genetic engineering is that it is very practical to proceed with the scientific method of biological entity without harming the spiritual aspect of what most religions, specifically with Christianity teach about the natural tendency of existence. His main argument is that it is achievable to reconcile religion with Evolutionary Theory (Wikipedia, 2007).The stigma of creating a world of regret and blasphemy is no longer a valid reason wherefore biological nature should be abandoned whereas it cold significantly harnessed to lead to the development of the pitying population. This caused some high criticisms over ethics and religious groups who were able to consider the argument of Ruse to be a serious matter.In comparison with Glover and the CRGs view, the main aspect that differentiate them from Michael Ruses argument is the fact that genetic engineering should only be used restrictively if it is to be used for genetic therapy which they think as morally in force(p) whereas it would be morally wrong if the process is to select only the trait to be modified without the consideration for the greater net welfare of the organism (Umass, 2005). This is the equivalent principle that makes the stand of the Council for Responsible Genetics.They insist that there should be an agreement on the proper code of responsibility when dealing with the manipulation of the genes of any organisms. such act will definitely minimize the possible drawbacks of taking the power to change nature. This will ensure that the primary goal of genetic manipulation is to talk the need to make it beneficial for the fall apartment of mankind.ReferencesWikipedia. 2007. Michael Ruse. Wikepedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 9, 2007 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ruse.Umass. 2005. Glover Objection on Genetic Engineering. Umass Office of Information technologies. Retrieved May 9, 2007.Peter Singer-Bernard RollinThere is a good comparison between Peter Singers approach to the ethical values for animals and Bernard Rollins perception on how to take care of the humans appeal to animals. On the part of peter singer, he intends to provide a clear view of treating animals as somewhat equal to the dignity of the humans. He lobbied for the special treatment on other organisms to be treated also as humans who have rights and privileges of living a peaceful and safe life. He has started the animal liberation movement which dramatically intends to free the animals from the intention of humans to use them for their commodities.On the other hand, Bernard Rollin plays an important role in signifying that science is never actually separated form ethics. In fact, science is full of ethical values. When it comes to animal sciences and suffering, he notes, there is an implied value-based ethical decision made whenever an animals suffering or welfare is considered subservient to science or industry (The Pew, 2004). Em otivism is used in the argument of Singer while Rollins is implying Cultural Relativism.In searching for the better argument, the ethics provide by the Peter Singer is much more adhered to the true notion of ethics. His intention to set free the animals from human commercial use though genetics is directly capturing the essence of letting them live how nature intended them to survive. On the part of Rollins arguments, it cant be denied that he also has a good approach in setting a standard notion about ethics and science. However, he missed the general nous of protecting the animals but rather concentrates on the general perspective of influencing the people to lay down the fundamentals of ethical values.ReferencesThe Pew. 2004. Bernard Rollin Of Animal Science and Ethics. The Pew go-ahead on Food and Biotechnology. Retrieved May 9, 2007.ORourke, Kevin. 1986. Various Ethical Systems. Retrieved May 9, 2007 from .

Physical Activity in School Aged Children Essay

Obesity and associated health problems are a growing problem in the get together States. Within the past 20 years, obesity rates have risen signifi butttly. Unhealthy diet and sensible in exertion can contribute to or exacerbate many chronic diseases and conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. (CDC, 2003, pg. 1). More than 80 percent of the youth do not do luxuriant aerophilic physical activity to meet the guidelines for Healthy People 2020. (Physical Activity, 2011, pg.1). At least half of youth do not engage in physical activity that promotes long-term health. (Exercise, 2011, para. 1).I have interest in this topic because I always worry if my 6 year old discussion is getting enough physical activity. He has mild cerebral palsy and has a hard time performing sports, running, or even riding a bike. With all the health benefits physical activity has to offer I wish he could do to a greater extent. Our family has a history of diabetes, hypertension, and stroke that I do not want my son to inherit. During my pediatric clinical I saw all the develop-age children running all over during recess and getting good exercise. This made me even more alert of how my son does not get enough exercise.School age children is my targeted age group for physical activity. These years are important to development of lifelong exercise. During these years the children are continuing to enhance skills such as eye-hand coordination, agility, speed, and muscular strength. Children need to be involved in physical activity and spread over to develop motor skills. Physical activity has many benefits including positive sense of accomplishment and self-esteem, increasing physical ability, weight control, and socialization. (Ball & Bindler, 2008, p. 328-329).In addition, Researchers have found a strong family between physical fitness and academic achievement. Children who are quick are more likely to have improved concentrat ion, be more attentive, and earn higher(prenominal) grades. Furthermore, involution in organized sports supports confidence, teamwork, and leadership. Children often are more attentive, behave better, and perform as well or better scholastically after participation in physical activity through recess or physical education. (Mahar, Murphy, Rowe, Golden, Sheilds, & Raedeke, 2006, pg. 2).Much of our time as families is spent doing sedentary activities, including watching television, playing pic games, and using the computer. These prevent children from being physically active. This is why I chose to target the parents of school-age children for my brochure. I chose to direct the brochure at the parents because they have a strong sinktle on the activities their children are doing. Not only can parents limit the sedentary activities but they can engage their children in more physical activity.Active parents set examples and are a powerful stimulus for children to get active. Accordi ng to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, A sustained 10 percent weight loss go away reduce an overweight persons lifetime medical costs by $2,200 to $5,300 by lowering costs associated with high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and high cholesterol. (CDC, 2003, pg. 2).Furthermore, children are not always getting the recommended 60 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity daily through school activities. Less than 36 percent of elementary and secondary schools offer daily physical education classes. (Exercise, 2011, para. 1). This is important for parents to be aware of so they can encourage it at home. The attached brochure has many ideas on how to engage children in physical activity. Some are as easy as washing the railway car or taking the dog for a walk. Children will not even know they are excising.Throughout the ontogeny process, there are specific cognitive, psychosocial, and physical milestones that school-age children are expecte d to reach. Cognitively, children reach the stage of concrete operational thought at about 7 years old. This stage allows school-age children to consider alternative solutions and elucidate problems. Still, school-age children continue to count on on concrete experiences and materials to form their thought content. Furthermore, they learn the concept of conservation (that matter is not changed when its form is altered. The cognitive growth at this stage is aided by reading, crafts, word puzzles, and school work. Staying physically active will help with the cognitive growth process. Researchers have found a strong relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement. Children who are active are more likely to have improved concentration, be more attentive, and earn higher grades. (Ball & Bindler, 2008, p.97).Psychosocially, school-age child tends to have many friends and willingly interacts with others to accomplish tasks. From these activities and relationships they devel op a feeling of accomplishment. (Ball & Bindler, 2008, p. 97). The children often play together as interaction. world physically active allows children to play together and reach that sense of accomplishment and play cooperatively.The physical changes that school-age children go through start with the long bones which continue to grow, jaw proportions are changed as teeth are lost, body organs and the immune system mature causing fewer illnesses and the urinary system can adjust to changes in fluid status. Furthermore, physical skills are being refined and fine motor skills are well-developed. To achieve the physical and motor skills the children need to be physically active. Playing sports really helps refine the physical skills. (Ball & Bindler, 2008, p. 95-96).The attached brochure I created for school-age childrens parents should be accessible through the childs school, baby doctors office or other specialty medical offices. If possible it would be great to see this informatio n in a parents magazine (e.g., Parenting) and on websites that parents use for resources (e.g., Childrens Hospital, www.chw.org). In addition this brochure would be great to have at facilities for childrens therapy or any events children and parents might be attending.In conclusion the attached brochure was developed to meet the educational needs of parents to help their children. The brochure has risk factors that parents can relate to. There are withal statistics to help make my statement stand out and prove to the parents how important physical activity is. The brochure clearly states the recommended amount of time per day children should be active and ideas to help them achieve this goal. I also, added pictures to attract them to read it. Completing this activity taught me how important it is to be involved in childrens lives and keep them active. So many parents allow their children to play video games and surf the internet and you see more children struggling in school or wit h their weight. Now, as a beget I am more aware of the benefits physical activity has for my child. As a future registered nurse, I have the knowledge to teach parents the importance of staying active and preventing chronic illnesses.ReferencesBall, J. W. & Bindler, R.C. (2008). Pediatric nursing-Caring for children (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (Aug, 2003). Preventing obesity and chronic diseases through good nutrition and physical activity. Retrieved October 25, 2011 from http//www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/publications/factsheets/ legal community/pdf/obesity.pdf. Exercise. (2011). Retrieved October 30, 2011 from http//www.chw.org/display/router.asp?DocID=23509 Mahar, M. T., Murphy, S.K., Rowe, D.A., Golden, J., Sheilds, A.T., & Raedeke, T.D. (2006). Effects of a classroom-based program on physical activity and on-task behavior. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. American College of Sports Medicine 38(1 2)2086-2094. Physical Activity. (2011, October 31). Retrieved November 1, 211 from http//www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=33

Graduate School and Early Modern Europe

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE The phenomenal growth in knowledge, which we atomic number 18 witnessing today in many areas of science and technology, is the result of the tireless efforts of a large number of teachers and students deeply committed to widening the horizons of human knowledge finished painstaking seek. Many of us of the younger generation are the beneficiaries, both intellectually and materially, of the outstanding work done in the field of electronic reckoner engineering.As a student of information technology and computer science, it is my ambition to contri thoe my mite to the widening and deepening of knowledge in the area of information technology and computer science in general. My under polish education in Information technology has enabled me to grasp the fundamental concepts in this area of study. I put one across excelled in nigh of the courses that I score taken which include Computer networks, Operating Systems, Microprocessor & Interfacing and Database Manag ement Systems among others a pointer to my sound analytical and computational skills.My academic prowess thunder mug be gauged from the fact that I topped my department in the Microprocessors course and secured the 3rd rank in my fourth semester examinations in a highly agonistical class. One of my erratic achievements has been in pedagogy. It was during my fifth semester, when I was helping my peers with the computationally intensive courses we had to take up then, that I realized the efficacy of the mastery To catch pass water better, teach. The incessant queries of my friends made me brood deeper into the field of operation whilst they enhanced their understanding of it.My achievement was the substantial improvement in grades for both my peers and me. The numerous seminars, which I have conducted in my class in areas both within and out of the scope of my curriculum, have honed my communication skills and I am confident that I would be an in effect(p) teaching assistant. My team-playing ability and leadership qualities came to the fore during Interrupt 2006, a national level technical symposium conducted by the Department of Computer Science, wherein I coordinated a variety of technical and non-technical events that were widely appreciated.I am currently working in Egrove Systems Corporation as a Programmer and Analyst, a renowned multi-national firm snarly in IT solutions. My first hand exposure to the industrys working in designing and developing has helped in redefining my perspective and woo towards creating new ones myself. I have a dream to work in a menage where latest technology is devised and where standards and protocols are dictated. Ultimately however, I do non extremity to follow oft beaten trails but blaze a new one for others to follow.It is to realize this that I trust to work towards a know floor and later for a PhD. It is each persons dream to graduate from a prestigious direct that can provide the launching-pad for his/h er career. Though there is a plethora of options, the pride of place goes to the University that is reputed for its standard par excellence an honor that goes to none other than to your university. I understand that this University strikeers exiting and unique opportunities for research and learning. As for my future, it is my thirst to explore the realms of computer networks and programming design.I overly want to build on the strong foundation that I have acquired during my undergraduate study with a Masters degree and follow it up with a Doctoral one. To achieve this and to attain my goals, I strongly believe that the Computer Science program at your university would place me at the fulcrum of todays technology in computers. I look forward to being a part of your program in Advanced computer science and would consider myself fortunate to secure an admission into the Masters program at your University since it fits my interests exactly.It is with great optimism that I apply to your school and I sincerely anticipate for an association that would be mutually beneficial. Ramji Prasad Myrtheunjayan Graduate study is not for slackers. It takes focus and determination to pursue an advanced degree. Thats why admissions military commissions examine your statement of resolve genuinely closelythey want to see whether you have the right(a) stuff to succeed in graduate school. What are they really asking any substance? Different schools leave give you different prompts for the statement of purpose.Nonetheless, theyre all asking for the same four pieces of information What you want to study at graduate school? Why you want to study it? What cognize you have in your field? What you plan to do with your degree once you have it? Admissions committees look for candidates with straighten out, well-defined research interests that arise from experience . With that in mind, your statement should reveal that you care deeply about your chosen discipline and that y ou have the background to support your roots and sen termnts. It should also demonstrate that youre a persevering student who get out remain committed for the long haul.However you approach these points, its imperative that you answer the questions asked in the essay prompt. Being substantive and direct is much better than being creative or flashy. Avoid this mistake Grad school applicants commonly make the error of including a parity bitgraph about how well go they are Theyre avid ultimate-frisbee players, they write short stories or they love to cook. Colleges are interested in this stuff graduate schools are not. Grad schools are aspect for great minds who will achieve mastery of a specific subject area.They dont care that you make a great chicken casserole or play intramural bocce ball. They do care about those activities that speak to your suitability for graduate work. As a graduate student, youll be called upon to do operose coursework and research. You may have to teach undergraduate classes within your field and conceivably even design a course. And youll have to get along with a diverse group of colleagues who will just abouttimes work very closely with you. Any experience in school, work or your extracurricular life that speaks to those abilities is worth talking about.Make your statement of purpose unique While its important to be focused, theres no need to be boring. To distinguish your essay, add unique (yet relevant) information. One of the best ways to do this is to discuss, briefly, an idea in your field that turns you on intellectually. Its an effective essay-opener, and it lets you write about something besides yourself for a bit. Remember, the idea you choose to talk about can tell an admissions committee a lot about you. And it demonstrates your interest in your field, rather than just describing it. Dont forgetBe sure to show your statement of purpose to mortal you respect, preferably the professors who are compose your recommenda tions, and get some feedback on the content before you send it in. If you need to revise it, do so and then ask for more than feedback. Have someone else proofread your essay for spelling and grammar. A fresh set of eyes often picks up something you missed. Better yet, if you have bountiful willing friends, have a couple of people proofread each statement. Finally, dont just reuse the same statement of purpose for each school to which you apply.You can recycle the same information, but make sure you change the presentation to fit each schools individual program. Sample Statement of Purpose Statement of Purpose Please describe your aptitude and motivation fo r graduate study in your area of specialization, including your preparation for this field of study , your academic plans or research interests in your chosen area of study, and your future career goals. Please be specific about why UC Berkeley would be a good intellectual fit for you. The generator of the statement below was admitted into UC Berkeleys History Department. With her permission, I reprint her essa parsed with my commentary about why it works as a winning essay. Luscious fare is the jewe l of unreasonable desires, 1 cautions 2 the author of The Gentlewomans Companion (1673), one of many early young conduct books I surveyed this past year for an honors thesis entitled Chaste, Silent, and Hungr y The conundrum of Female Appetite in Early Modern England, 1550-1700. 3 As indicated by the title, this pr oject explores a provocative but as of yet precisely studied facet of early m odern gender constructions female person food desire. 4 I use the word desire here rather deliberately, as ea rly modern definitions of ppetite extended well beyond the physiological drive to eat to encompa ss all those physical (and shameful) longings associated with the body. And, in a culture wh ere women were by defi nition immoderate and sensual, female food appetite, I argue, constituted an unruly 5 desire th at demanded both social and moral discipline. In brief, my research con cerns the patriarchal cont rol of womens bodies in ordinal and seventeenth-century England vi svis a ethnical idea about food desire and satiation as sugges tive and immodest. 6 In lieu of a ceremonious introduction of my research interests and aspirations I offer a summary of my enior thesis, which earned me the 2003 Chancel lors Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Research at the University of California, Davis. 7 This first venture into serious historical scholarship has affirmed my passion for early m odern culture and histor y and it has given me the confidence to assert and cont est my opinions look at ing the status of women in early modern europium and the current state of early modern historiography. 8 Continuing along these avenues of research in graduate school, I would like to use my thesis as the basis for a future dissertation. Though I remain wary about committing myself premat rely to a spe cific t opic of research, I am also eager to elaborate, modify, and complicate 9 my original assertions about the nature of the problem of female appetite in early modern England. Indeed, many of the conclusions reached in the thesis, such as my claim that the cultural er oticization of feminine appetite in early modern England betrayed a deep-seated masculine mistrust of female sexual practice and sexual power, serve as starting points 10 for future research and study. On a more basic level, writing a thesis gave me the chance to become better acquainted with the essentials of historical resear h. Suspecting that normative disc ourses in early modern England participated sharp in the monitoring of womens appetites, I navigated the sea of early English printed sources in pursu it of the slightest mention of food and diet. Those sources I encountered during my research, wh ich ranged from the popular conduct book, The Education of a Christian Woman by Juan Luis Vives, to the anonymo us sex manual, Aristotles Masterpiece, challenged my basic understanding of memoir and the original prem ise of my thesis in ways not anticipated. From deciphering esot eric type-fonts to developing n sensation of the importance of time and funds, I experienced the mundane realities of research that inevitably stunt the historians aspirations. Even more important wa s my gradual acceptance of the fact that early modern sources, no matter how we read them, do not always accommodate modern biases and expectations. 11 Though I cannot portend the course this project might take in graduate school, I expect that it will address the following themes and issues. First is the overarching issue of distinguishing the phenomena I retrieve from other forms of food re striction and obsession, namely the modern itual of dieting and its most extreme manife station, an eating disorder. Though not willing to evade those complicated (and controversial) para llels between modern and early modern us ages of food and food symbolism to cont rol the lives of women, I also press to offer as an historian a nuanced portrayal of how early modern conceptualiz ations of female appetite were infused with contemporary, historically contingent notions of sexuality and gender. Furthermore, the question of fema le agency in a project devote d almost exclusively to male prescriptions for diet and behavior demands further discussion.Admittedly, on more than one occasion, my own extensive use and analysis of conduct books and versatile obstetric manuals, works composed primarily by educated men, cause d me to pause and wonder whether it was best to relate a history abou t womens actions or the patriarchal apparatus under which those actions were oppressed. While I refuse to see women as simply passive receptacles of masculine command, I neither wish nor aspire to focus sole ly on their achievements for, in my mind, the history of women and the history of patriarchy are inextricably related. 12 My goal, then, will not be to event just another example of how wome in history were dominated by men, but, rather, to interrogate the means, in this case food, or, better yet, the cultural meaning of appetite, by which womens desires were conquer or denied. 13 Indeed I am proud of my thesis and, given extra time, could say much more. But I should also nisus that that at the heart of my specific res earch concentration lies a more general interest in early modern European history, cultural and womens history to be more exact. 14 To date, my knowledge of the early modern period has been informed and my imagination sustained by an array of courses on early modern history and lite ature (I was a joint hist ory and English major), including a graduate seminar on Renaissance urban culture taught jointly by Professors Margaret Ferguson and Deborah Harkness. My personal pe nchant for cultural history stems largely, I believe, from my training in litera ture and literary criticism, wh ere sensitivity to the importance of vocabulary and metaphor is a neces sary skill. Also of crucial importance to a captain career in history are my growing skills in Latin and cut, and my fluency in Spanish. 15 This year I find myself in that difficult and fr ustrating transitional peri od between undergraduate nd graduate studies. Though I would have preferred to directly co ntinue graduate school after graduation, I opted to take a year off. A year aw ay from school, I reasoned, would afford me the time require to recuperate from an exhaustive und ergraduate education, gain some perspective, and work on fulfilling the language requirement for a doctorate in European history. In fact, I am currently enrolled in a French course at a nearby university and plan to take a subsequent course during the upcoming spring semester. This academic hiatus, moreover, has imposed some much- needed distance between myself and my thesis, wh ch I can now reread from a more critical, less inves ted stance. And, finally, a break from school has given me sufficient time to search and research for graduate programs that best suit my needs. 16 UC Berkeleys history program looms large in my mind, largely because of its outstanding faculty and interdisciplinary approach to hist ory. In my own quest for a suitable graduate program, I was thrilled to learn that Professors Thomas Laqueur and Carla Hesse both taught at Berkeley. Professor Laqueurs book, Making perk up Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud , stands out among the many books I ead during my undergraduate education and I credit his book with introducing me to the nascent but fascin ating field of the history of sexuality and the body. Together, Professor Laqueurs cutting edge research and Professor Hesses knowledge of early modern womens history would make my experience at Berkeley a challenging and pleasurable one. 17 In addition, Berkeley provides an id eal climate for me to develop my cross-disciplinary interest s. In particular, I am interested in pursuing a desi gnated emphasis in women, gender, and sexuality, a unique option that distinguishes Berkeleys hist ry program from that of other institutions. The cross-disciplinary nature of Berkeleys gra duate program would foster, I hope, fruitful discussions with other departme nts, notably the department of English and Womens Studies, thus broadening and enriching my research as well as my general understanding early modern culture and history. 18 1 The writer begins with a vivid quote that grabs the readers attention right away. 2 Cautions is an excellent verb choice. Carefu l word choice makes fo r lively writing. 3 Note how neatly in one well-packed sentence , the writer gets right to the point of her urrent research. 4 Provocative is an apt and colorful word c hoice. This sentence explains the nature of her study and situates her subject in historical and thematic context. 5 Unruly is another aptly c hosen adjective. Adjectives can create dead places in writing if they add nothing significant to the noun that it is describing. 6 The summary sentence not only recaps the gist of the first paragraph, but also provides further nuance of the subject at hand. 7 This first sentence makes clear that research first and foremost will be central to her argument in the essay. Mentioning the Cha cellors Award in the context of her research is a clever way of boasting without seeming to. 8 It is a very good idea to explicit ly state the chosen subfield within history early modern Europe. You cant stand that your readers will make the inference from the research topic alone. To assert and contest opinions is, of c ourse, the marksmanship of historians making reference to the current state of early modern historiography conveys familiarity with the subject on the one hand, and confidence and intellectual poise on the other. Notice how much more powerful is such a statement as compared to ne poorly write, such as I am pas sionate and committed to my interest in early modern Europe. 9 Again, to say that as a historian, she will e laborate, modify, and complicate the subject matter is to show that she really understands the work of historians. A less experienced candidate might have written that she wa nts to uncover the truth in history. 10 Starting points referring to her research interestsis a very measured way of saying that she knows what tugs at her heart, has done enough research to have some hunches, but is open to surprise endings. A beautiful re ndition of a historians sentiment.You may turn off your readers if you come off sounding overly confident. Maintaining a measured tone is very important. 11 This paragraph details further specific less ons and skills earned through this research project. Note the use of colorful verb s such as navigated and stunt. 12 Note the nuanced and carefully measured way of speaking about her subject. Clearly the writer is well-read in theory and show s st rong ability in cri tically evaluating her subject. Moreover, she tries to be the obj ective scholar in that she does not champion any cause. That is, she does not champion the ause of women even as she conveys deep empathy. 13 The reference to a parallel example of female appetite in contemporary culture as holding interest for the writer is aptly placed here. Were she to have mentioned it any earlier, it would have clouded the primarily hist orical nature and focu s of her venture. 14 It is wise at this point to zoom out a bit and show that th e writers interest lies more broadly in early modern Europe and the hist ory of women. Zooming in and out from the narrow to the general shows th at you are capable of becomi ng a specialist without being overly narrow. 15Showing interdisciplinarity and your abilities in language are key to your academic biography. In this case, the reader learns that she is a historian with training in literary and critical theory. 16 This is a model pa ragraph for showing what you did in your time off from school. Note how nothing extraneous to her study is me ntioned in this paragraph. The paragraph shows that the time off was spent wisely in preparing herself for graduate school. 17 She demonstrates a thorough-going knowledge of UC Berkeley. She mentions not one but two key scholars with whom she could pur sue her studies. She mentions how their rea of specialty dovetails with her own resear ch interests. Note how she does not make empty, flattering remarks about the professors or the school. 18 She continues to list bounties beyond the department strengthening the argument that Berkeley is well-suited for her. The reader will be impressed with the research and the seriousness with which she has examined UC Be rkeley as an option for graduate school. A well-written essay unveils much information about the writer, not only in her intellectual capacity, but also about her character and core values. Through her writing, she make s a distinctive impression.

How Class and Classicism in America Shaped and Defined American Politics and Government Essay

elucidate and Classism is a signifi flush toilett dilemma in several part of the world. Classism was initially created by Servius Tullius in whiz of the six orders that he used to divide the Roman people for taxation purposes. Classism represents a discriminatory attitude ground on the distinctions derived from sparing or hearty layeres. Perhaps, the most elusive socio-stinting and semipolitical ills confronting U.S today is the affair of class. The concerns and problems of class struggle cut across the cordial di work violencesions of ethnicity, race, and political affiliation, and educational background, content and geographic origin. Domhoff, (1977) defined class as the status a sort out, or an individual achieves by virtue of its sparing saturation, the index to push change and the do work of separate groups in its corporation of choice. Therefore, the issues surrounding class and classism through with(predicate) hierarchy of Haves and the Have nots, the cont ract, myth, and dogma of individualism in U.S, and the systematic conquering of subordinate societies train brought myriad changes in the politics and goernance of linked States. Domhoff, (1977) argues that class is not a new phenomenon. Nor class inside the insurance. Thus, class within the the Statesn caller has existed for centuries. Since the beginning of men, you have always had the have and have nots. Association of class within the United States was in existence prior to the cosmea of the Declaration of In dependence, United States Constitution and U.S. Federal Bureaucracy. It started when the British Monarchy set up their government and society structures their colonies.This paper will discuss and review how the first appearance Fathers cosmos the less(prenominal)er member of the smaller group, which for the purpose of the paper be defined as the judgment class, were able to corporally shape and develop tender and political agendas through collective action, and a s a result, voiceless the wideer members of society. Furthermore, this paper explores how the Collective Action of Groups Theory (Olson, 1979) helped to shape the discourse and thoughts of the understructure Fathers on companionable and political ideologies, which in turn, vie a critical role in the fundament of the United States. Moreover, more importantly, how the Founding Fathers ideologies on class impacted individuals within particular classes views on their own political affiliations and the United States Government.Defining Class in Americas SocietyWhen questioned about the of necessity of the working class individuals during 1988 presidential campaign, George Bush insisted that class was a European thing and that the Americans would never be divided by class. Although the critic, that views America as a dominant culture, observes that it is a classless society, most Americans recognize that deep class separates and divides them. The structure of class has been interwov en with the culture of the United States and its political system for soundly over two centuries, and has shaped the way in which people view their place in society and make their political decisions. The leading Founders thoughts and ideas have played a significant role for this to occur. The Founding Fathers were the ruling class at the time of the when the Declaration of Independence was written, the American Revolution was fought, the enactment of the U.S. Constitution and the evolution U.S. Federal Bureaucracy. The ruling class is defined as a social class of a given society that decides upon and sets that societys political policy by mandating that there is one such particular class in the given society, and then appointing itself as that class (Domhoff, 1977). Karl Marx in his writings defined these men as distinguished and the educated who were dominant in their communities and states, and also prominent in national affairs (Oliver, 1984). This would explain why as a colle ctive group, these men were able to achieve a certain level of success and in turn dominate society. One of the most easily documented correlations in social science be the positive correlation between socioeconomic status and all forms of political and organizational participation (Oliver, 1984). This also explains why the Founding Fathers voted only to allow white male property owners the right to vote, whom at the time make up 10 to 16 percent of the nations universe (Rowen, 2014). Their decision to not allow poor white men, women, and minorities the right to vote aligns with Olsons Collective Action Theory.As the small group, they made a decision to block a public right from the majority. Voting in most terms would be considered a non-rivalrous public good (Olson, 1971). Rosenberg, (2008) writes that in economics, disceptation is a characteristic of a good. A good can be placed along a continuum ranging from rivalrous (rival) to non-rival. The range is base on usage and th e price to produce the good. Since right to vote like the air was a considered a freedom, they should have quickly decided to make it a non-rivalrous public good. However, by block the right to vote from 90 percent of the people in the expanse the Founding Fathers made it rivalries (Zweig, 2000). Whereas, they placed a cost on voting that owned land.These men may have disagreed and to an extent attempted to disassociate their ideologies and politics from the British Monarchy, but their actions and thoughts conveyed a strong similarity. By disenfranchising 90 percent of society, they draw off themselves and their peers as the ruling and dominating class. However, Zweig (2000) observes that in terms of experiences with other cultures, this is all they knew. Dr. Morris Massey, head of the psychiatry department at a Texas university, defines this way as You be What You Were When You Were Then (Massey & Magnetic Video Corporation, 1976). Masseys theory is that identity is primaril y determined by the things that affect life up to the age of 10. Their behavior and how they made their decisions as a collective group also aligns with Henri Tajfels Social Identity Theory that states a soulfulnesss sense of who they are based on their group membership(s). Tajfel, (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. social class, family, football team, etc.), which people belonged to, was an important source of pride and self-esteem. Groups give us a sense of social identity a sense of belonging to the social world. Since these men experienced the rule of British Monchary that was entrenched in class for a vast majority of their life, it is highly equiprobable they would create a system that placed individuals within a class. This would explain why these men used land as the defining factor. This provided them with a ascertain factor to define a class among all people.You would also wonder how these men could function in such a myopic way as it related to freedom and the right s of others? How could they outwardly caste others in a system that they so disliked? Their behavior at the time could be attributed to their acculturation. Arnet, (1995) describes socialization as the process in which people acquire the behaviors and beliefs of the social world that are culture in which they live. Culturally, these men were accustomed to women organism in subservient roles, minorities beingness used as slaves, and poor white people being indentured servants. Thomas Jefferson stated The appointment of a woman to office is an innovation for which the public is not prepared, nor I (Arnet, 1995). His sentiments at the time were most likely not an anomaly, but the norm. These men were socialized to believe their rights were above others (except for the ruling class of Britan). A similar message was conveyed in James Madisions Federalist 10. Madison observed that the diversity in the faculties of men, from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insupera ble obstacle to a uniformity of interests (Arnet, 1995). The protection of these faculties is the first object of government. From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different grades and kinds of property immediately results and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the individual proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties (Massey, 1976).However, most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property. Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society. Those who are creditors, and those who are debtors, fall under a like favouritism. A landed interest, a manufacturing interest, a moneymaking(a) interest, a moneyed interest, with umpteen lesser interests, grow up of necessity in civilized nations, and divide them into different classes, actuated by different sentiments and v iews. The prescript of these various and interfering interests forms the principal task of modern legislation and involves the spirit of party and faction in the necessary and ordinary operations of the government (Massey, 1976). In his writings, Madison is acknowledging and justifying a class system based on assets and wealth. He is very clear on his position, in which the government is set-up to protect the owners of property and in turn, their wealth, which is interesting because this is counter opposite to Paines opinion on non-equalizers (family, land, and money) (Massey, 1976).Jefferson and Madisions behavior at the time align with Arnetts definition of narrow socialization. Arnett defines narrow socialization as holding obedience and conformity to the highest values and discourage deviation from ethnical expectationsagain, not just through family socialization but through other sources of socialization as well. Based on the behavior of the Founding Fathers they seem more com mitted to conformity and obedience rather than challenging and open mentation environment. The creation of the U.S. Constitution is a perfect example. In creating the U.S. Constitution, the Founders sought to limit the power of the federal government and to protect (not grant) the cancel rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Their focus and behavior were all based on their past experiences with the British Monarchy (Zinn, 2003). In reality, they were rebelling against a system that controlled and disenfranchised them, but they went frontward in constructing a system that disenfranchised almost 90 percent of its citizens and empowered 10 percent (based on the voting law).Ideology of ClassismKadi, (1996) defined classism as a prejudice or discrimination on the basis of social class. It includes individual attitudes, behaviors, systems of policies, and practices that are set up to benefit the upper class at the expense of the bring low class. A persons economic clas s is neither real bad. It is just a reality. However, what is of interests is how individuals within their class act and behave as it relates to their class standing. Iwith reference to Olsons theory of the Founding Fathers, it is apparent their small group over several years acted to further their interest (Kadi, 996). This has been clearly documented prior to, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. This was accomplished by strategically defining and casting people within certain classes, and using the government structure along with political and cultural strategies to achieve their objectives. This behavior aligns with Olson and his thoughts on the ability of smaller groups to manipulate larger groups. And through this manipulation the larger group would bear a disproportionate partake in of the burden (Barrow, 2014).According to Horowitz (2003), the Founding Fathers of the United States were clearly influenced by the British Monarchy, and their caste system. Class wa s a staple part of the British way of life. The British society was divided into three main groups of classes upper class, middle class, and the lower or working class. The upper classes consisted of people with inherited wealth and include some of the oldest families, with many of them being titled aristocrats. The upper classes were defined by their title, but also by their education, and their pastimes which include the traditional sporting life involving hunting, shooting and fishing, as well as a great deal of horse riding for both leisure and as a competitive pursuit. The middle classes were the majority of the population and included industrialists, professionals, businesspeople and shop owners. And, the working class people were mostly agricultural, mine and factory workers (Barrow 2014).Because of the British Monarchy role in the floor of the United States, it was a natural evolution for the Founding Fathers to borrow and blend new and old concepts pertaining to class (Dan iel Carpenter). This is not to say that some of the Founding Fathers were not against the concept of class. Rather, it clearly play uped in the writings of Thomas Paine. Thomas Paine published his book Rights of Man, in 1791, and stated that all men were equal and any non-equalizer such as money, power, prestige or titles, were wrong. Paine, (1791) matte that governments should reflect social equality however, it was clear in the creation of the U. S. Federal Bureaucracy that the equalizers that Paine and others were against became and still exists in the United States politics and government.The Influence of Class in Americas historyZinn, (2003) asserts that the review of American history provides insights on why the nation is obsessed with wealth and class. The Founding Fathers served as an example for the lower class on how they used their Collective Action as a group to gain benefits and control over the country. The Founding Fathers clearly knew what they represented to the habitual public. Therefore, they used their wealth and class to manipulate and gain more power (Zinn, 2003). This manipulation of power was happening prior, during and after the revolutionary war. Zinn in his book History is a Weapon inscribes tha the individual that initially got recruited to the colonial militia were overall hallmarks of respectability or at least of full citizenship in their communities (Zinn, 2003). However, desperation resulted to recruiting less whites that were respectable in the society. According to Kim and National Bureau of Economic Research, (2007) the study of Massachusetts and Virginia provided for drafting strollers (vagrants) into the colonial militia. Indeed, observations by Kim et al. (2007) concludes that the military became a place of promise for the powerless and subordinate individuals, which might scrape up to the rank, get financial rewards and alter their social status.The behavior of the Founding Fathers also aligns with cultural hegemo ny theory that describes the domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class, who manipulate the culture of that society, the beliefs, explanations, perceptions, values, and mores, so that their ruling-class worldview becomes the worldview that is enforce and accepted as the cultural norm as the universally valid dominant ideology that justifies the social, political, and economic status quo as natural, inevitable, perpetual and beneficial for everyone, rather than as artificial social constructs that benefit only the ruling class (National Archives, 2014). This ability to control and dupe the working and lower class was not by accident. The imagery of freedom, opportunity and wealth is a strong influence that has been used for centuries to induce the poor into submission. This was clearly the case during the Revolutionary War. Zinn documents a soldiers response to why he joins the war.I was a Shoemaker, & got my alimentation by my Labor. When this Rebellion came on, I saw some of my Neighbors got into Commission, who were no better than myself. I was very ambitious, & did not like to see those Men above me. T was asked to enlist, as a private Soldier I offered to enlist upon having a Lieutenants Commission which was granted. I imagined myself now in a way of Promotion if I was killed in Battle, there would be an end of me, but if any Captain was killed, I should rise in Rank, & should still have a Chance to rise higher. These Sir were the only Motives of my entering into the Service for as to the Dispute between Great Britain & the Colonies, I know nothing of it , (Zinn, 2003).The question could be asked if this man were an anomaly. However, it is hard to broil when you have Founding Fathers writing about the lack of dedication and passion from the soldiers. At the time, Alexander Hamilton was an aide to George Washington when he wrote. . . our countrymen have all the tomfoolery of the ass and all the passiveness of the sheep. They are det ermined not to be free. If we are saved, France and Spain must save us (Hamilton, 2003).It was obvious the passion and commitment for change were not as significant for the poor and underclass. The soldiers were consistently quitting. Founding father John Adams estimated a third opposed, a third in support, a third neutral. So the nation was not squarely behind the decisions being made by the elite ruling class (Horowitz, 2003). So early in the history of this countrys history the various category/ groups had differing opinions on the channelizeions of the country. One of the ways that the power owners or the ruling class addressed this issue was interesting, and also shows how the ruling class was committed to cultural hegemony as a collective group. Zinn, (2003) indicates that military conflict, by dominating everything in its time, made individuals take sides, change magnitude other issues, and forced people onto the revolution regime whose independence interests were very uncl ear.Additionally, Zinn believed that the political elites that handles power learned through the generations-consciously or not-that war provides them security against inner(a) trouble (Cone, 1991). This mindset of the Founding Fathers during the revolutionary war is an example of how the Constructivist Theory works. According to him, the Constructivist Theory provides that the mechanism of learning is an active process characterized by the creation of meaning from diverse familiarities (Cone, 1991). Through their early experience with the war, it was clear that all of the white men were not functioning as a collective group. As the Collective Action Theory states, some individuals will support an initiative, some will sit on the fence, and some will not support it all. And, through rethinking how to get the non-participants involved through constructivist thinking the Founding Fathers begin to implement new tactics, such as force of serving in the military.Through military force p reparation, power owners of the high class found a procedure of pushing neutral people into the periphery. For instance, in Connecticut, Cone (1991) observes, a law was passed that required military service of all males between sixteen and sixty. This he reports omitted certain Yale students and faculty, Negroes, government officials, Indians, ministers, and mulattos. Therefore, when an individual was put on duty, he or she could provide a sub or get fined 5 pounds to abscond the duty. Consequently, when a total of eighteen men failed to report to military duty, they got jailed. However, they could only be released after pledging to fight in the war. Perhaps what appeared like military force democratization in modern times shows up as a completely different issue (Cone, 1991). That is, an cuddle of forcing massive defiant individuals to associate themselves with the national cause, and concludingly believe in it.The Constitutionalization and Classism in AmericaJensen, (2012) writ es that during the United States Bicentennial Constitution, it is accurate to argue on the political and economic wisdom of the United States Founding Fathers. Historically, there is no constitution in the world that established successful and durable economic democracy than the United States. However, scrimping is presented in the political inclinations, and the enormous success of the economy of the United States was independent of the political system. Indeed, the flow economic issues in the United States might as a result of the failure of the political wisdom to follow the guides of the founding fathers based on the concept of class. Jensen, (2012) further elaborates that the American Founding Fathers essential the constitution in order to serve the economic interest of a specific class of individuals, which are the capitalists. According to him, the Constitution documented by the founding fathers was based on the concept of class as it protected the economic rights of the c apitalists. Multiple aspects of the constitution mention aspects of economic and financial matters that were put in place to secure economic functioning that would benefit the investors (Jensen, 2012).Furthermore, the Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution to provide a favorable national economic environment in which businesses could thrive. To counter this, a central authority, the United States Congress, were authorized to control the foreign commerce and interstate, the coinage of money, federal tax collection, patents and copyrights and the defense of states. Besides, the constitution supported sanctity of contracts, property rights and the due process of law. Illustratively, the haughty Court decisions, for instance, Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819) provided that the judiciary supported a business friendly environment (Jensen, 2012). Although the United States Constitution assisted in easing the concern of the business majority, it did not provide complete economic issues of the United States. Therefore, a national monetary system was founded to control the issues of debts. As such, the capitalists were provided with a favorable environment for conducting business that developed power over the subordinate society.In the modern society, Bishaw and Semega (2008) observes, the political campaigns provide a significant problem of financial resources. The techno system of logical changes have demanded that the politicians raise much and lots of money. Not surprisingly, Young (2000) further writes that a system that heavily relies on financial contributions has tilted towards organizations and individuals that can give big. As such, the politicians get linked to the rich individuals or the capitalists in the society to provide financial sponsorship of their candidature. In turn, the politicians pass bills and laws that suit the interest of the few wealthy dignitaries in the American society. Indeed, politics in U.S has followed the footsteps of the constitution that protects the economic rights of few high-class individuals in the society that in turn fund politicians. As such, class in the American society continues to come on with discrimination observable in the political interests and representations (Young, 2000). The issue of class has made America a nation where politicians serve the interest of the capitalist that forms the minority of the population hence ignoring 90 percent of the electorate. Furthermore, Arcs and Zimmerman, (2008) indicates that excessive reliance on the electorate system on financial capital also determines what kind of interests gets heard and what kind of policies are passed. Classism according to Arcs et al. (2008) appears to control politics in America with the capitalists funding politicians. Therefore, as money controls politics, the low social class hardly influences politics by voting or contacting their legislators that later amplifies the capitalist influences. Domhoff, (1977) highlights that the Co mmerce Clause of the Supreme Court provides opinion reflecting an apparent effort to modernize and rationalize the analytical framework for delineating the implied constraints imposed by the state legislation. According to him, the constitution articulated a set of coherent criteria controlling the validity of the state taxes on interstate commerce. Furthermore, the constitution discard inconsistent doctrine with the set standards. In the context of state regulation, the constitution enunciated meaningful decisional principles governing commerce. According to the US Constitution, the commerce clause is a power granted by Congress, but not an express limitation on the states power to regulate the economy. However, the wealthy individuals often have the final say in the taxation policies that favors their business interests (Domhoff, 1977). As such, classism has made the wealthy individuals get heard in making policies such as taxation policies that tout ensemble re-shapes the gover ning and politics of America. Therefore, the constitutional wisdom of the Founding Fathers is present today, and it has promoted classism that in turn affects the politics and governance in America.Class Today in AmericaThe primary institutionalization basis of classism is the economic system, gilbert and Kahl (1993) indicates. Capitalism, Gilbert, and colleague, observes get structured based on classes that in turn influence the politics and governance of America. According to Gilbert et al. (1993), the three key institutions, that generate classes, are hierarchical organizations, private ownership, and capitalist division of labor. These institutions produce class-based systems of political dominion and subordination between the managers and the managed, the owners and those who do not own, and the professionals and these without professional credentials. Thus, the political dominion by these dominant groups kernel that the politicians must serve their economic interest in order to achieve their financial support. The economic production of the dominant groups requires government policies that emphasize on security and good governance to enable them reproduce their modes of production and distribution.Fast forward 239 years, and Americans are still make do with class as it relates to all areas of society. It is still a challenge to address and discuss class as it relates to government, politics, and race within the country. This challenge can partly be laid at the hands of the Founding Fathers. Through cultural hegemony, they manipulated society to believe that all citizens were created equally and had a voice in the decisions being made within government (Gilbert and Kahl, 1993). But, within the same space they systematically defined what voices mattered by only allowing landowners the right to vote. This simplistic move set forth and defined the influence of class in the terms of money, assets, and influence. This also sets up the environment of social exclusion. Social exclusion, according to Hess (2006), is the process where individuals or a community are systematically partially or fully blocked from various opportunities, rights, and resources customarily available to the society, and which is fundamental to social integration within that specific group (Hess, 2006). By excluding poor white men from voting, they intentionally manipulated the government structure to support their desires and interests at the cost of the 90 percent. Fast forward well over 239 years later, we have a new movement with protests being conducted across the country about the 1 percent ruling class (Paine, 1999). In direct approach, the phrase refers to income and wealth concentration among the top earning representing 1 percent and as well as a reflection of an opinion that 99 percent are paying heavily for the mistakes of a small minority within the upper class (Paine, 1999).Some may argue and contend that the law for non-votes was in existence for less than 60 years, and by 1850 allowed all white males were given the right to vote. However, scholars still questions on the number of generations that got impacted by the decision. Secondly it raises concerns about the influences it has in the current American society. Undeniably, Rowen, (2014) indicates that the United States of America is the world oldest and most esteemed democracy. However, the impacts of class according to him, in the society have led to pervasive and serious problems in its politics and government.The concept of classism, Rowen (2014) writes, has for the last half century promoted disgust among the Americans. Classism has reduced the trust of the public in the political institutions, elected officials, and increasingly becoming immaterial to democratic participation. Classism in America has reduced the levels of civic engagement and trust in government. David et al. (2009) highlights that activity such as voting, working on campaigns, contacting elected off icials that depend upon democracy has significantly reduced over the past two generations. By virtue of class, the elected officials are considered a representative of few individuals rather than the electorate. about Americans believe that politicians lie and pander to serve their political interests and that of the rich individuals or the high class (David & Weimer, 2009).The Generational Impact of Social Exclusion Based on ClassResearch shows that social exclusion creates a host of long changeless issues and challenges to the individuals or groups that have been excluded. This is clearly evident with the recent 99 percent protesters. This long lasting impact is clearly seen in the actions of the Founding Fathers. One of the biggest issues that helped to launch the American Revolution was the argument about taxation without representation (Young, 2000). Of course, the group with the biggest argument was the Founding Fathers. Most of these men were wealthy, upper middle class, an d the educated. With all their wealth and education they still had to contend with a society that limited their social mobility were woven into the theoretical account of the state, which meant they were excluded from the higher echelons of politics and government (Rosenberg, 2008). This exclusion had to be a constant reminder to these men that in reality, they had no voice. Anytime group is excluded from a process it is onerousness, and oppression of any kind creates repercussions for all.Research by iris diaphragm Marion Young documents that there are five faces of oppression exploitation, violence, powerlessness, marginalization, and cultural imperialism (Young, 2000). Reading from the concept of the Founding Fathers of America, most likely, they felt powerless, marginalized, and culturally imperialized. By having to pay taxes, and no say in the direction of the government, and the lack representation would surely touch on several types of oppression that Iris Young has identi fied. Likewise, reports from media titled Classism Does NOT Go Both Ways (2014) provides that that that people and groups who have experienced social exclusion attempt to reconnect at some point. This reconnection can take the form of (a) ingratiating social behavior, (b) attention toward and sensitivity to social cues, and (c) the activation, exaggeration, and even the invention of perceived relationships to important individuals or groups. It is significant to acknowledge and remember this point since it relates to classicism among white males in the United States.After the revolution, it is clear that the Founding Fathers adopted some of the same thoughts and ideas of their perceived oppressors in how they viewed and treated poor whites. entropy shows that poor White males were in a challenging stain. Their plight could almost be compared to minority males over the centuries in the United States. Thomas, (2014) writes about the national situation in the post-war mid-1780s. He further documents that the merchants and coastal wholesalers made several efforts to re-establish large-scale trade with the Great Britain. However, the British merchants ceased from offering credit and instead demanded cash ( funds). As a result, the wholesale traders insisted on the use of hard money from shopkeepers. Likewise, the shopkeepers saw it wise that the farmers repay their loans in cash with immediate effect (Thomas, 2014). The American farmers had previously been used for loan settling for goods, crops, and labor. Unexpectedly, farmers were matched into debtor courts leading to the seizure of their properties such as land and goods when they couldnt pay or get bound for unpaid debts. For instance, Thomas (2014) provides that in the farming community of Hampshire County Massachusetts from 1784 to 1786 32.4 percent of the countys men over sixteen were hauled into court, and many were thrown into jail. The conditions of the jail were deplorable. Prisoners were stockpiled into one cell and were held without proper food, ventilation, many got sick and some died.The Founding Fathers in a quick turn of circumstances went from being the oppressed to the oppressor by find out and controlling who could vote. In turn, poor white men, who fought for liberty to pursue freedom, were given limited freedom. It seems this one historical fact, has been overlooked. The studies that address or discuss the effects of social exclusion of poor white people are significant because it explains the cultural beliefs and ideas as it relates to poor white people in rural and southern areas in the United States (Zweig, 2000). This would also explain how poor whites tend to identify collectively with political referendum that doesnt support their own economic plight. According to Zweig, (2000), the observations of Molden and Mane that discusses the impacts of social exclusion that makes the excluded find ways to ingratiate themselves with their oppressor along with paying cl ose attention to social clues and, the creation of an exaggerated connection. This is clearly the case with poor whites as a collective group.The ruling class has established certain symbolical meanings for being an American, and by following those meanings, you are closely aligned with them. Cone, (1991) writes that from saluting the flag, singing the national anthem, prayers in school, and so forth, the ruling class has established certain social norms that most poor whites can identify and follow. Besides setting up symbolic meanings, the early ruling class defined and created a structure to provide privilege to those they deemed worthy. This was successfully done through government, organizations, and social settings. This aligns with MSS research in which they highlight that the rights and privileges are supported and defined through rules, laws, individual strength and conventions. According to the research, rules and laws are political power instruments the government and pol itically affluent uses to determine the social structure (Cone, 1991). For instance, gift properties and selling rights that support the privileges of the property-owning class. Furthermore, conventions and customs provides social determinants of structure, for example, Cone (1991) provides that the privilege on the basis of religion, caste, or economic class, personality strength and individual capacity, he observes, are also elements that defines social privilege, for instance, the rights accumulating to the wisest most skillful, strongest, or most courageous personalities. According to the research, these rules, conventions, laws, and customs, which support and define privileges and rights of power owners, besides, perpetuate the defence force of rights to the section of the community that is underprivileged or unprivileged. As such, the structure developed by the political affluent to foster societal development based on greater functional efficiency, also acts as a barrier tha t positively eliminates a part of the society from benefiting from the accruing development (Cone, 1991).ConclusionClass affects people from emotional, economic, political, and social level. The attitude of the classists has caused great pain in American politics and governance by dividing the subordinate group members from one another as well as suppressing individual direction for personal fulfillment. The impact of class that has resulted in the usual level of collusion between the dominant group members and the subordinate group member has led to means of survival by gaining access to the resources retained by the dominant group. Indeed, class is more than just economics and social dynamics of classism. The patterns of behavior and thinking of classists at personal level promotes classism that results into politics of self-interest and that of the wealthy individuals. While the founding fathers believed that economic and political freedom are twin pillars of democracy, it has pr omoted a high degree of classism in America. This has led to politics of oppression and personal gains.The founding father of the United States adopted the first written constitution that protected the economy of the country by protecting businesses, personal property, rights of speech and authorizing the Congress to control the commerce of the country. While their contribution cannot be ignored nor disputed, it led to elements of classism that continues to influence the politics and governance of America. In a nutshell, the freedom of classism requires a reversing conditioning process through healing of the class and political oppression wounds, reclaiming the past and present class experiences and variety present classism to enable the country shape its political identities and foster positive relationships and cohesion among the Americans.ReferencesAlvez, J., Duarte, S., & Timney, M. (2008). Human rights theory as a means for incorporating social justness into the public adminis tration curriculum. Journal Of Public Affairs Education, 14(1), 5166.Arnett, J. (1995).Broad and Narrow Socialization The Family in the Context of a Cultural Theory. Journal of Marriage and the Family , 57 ( 3 ) , , 617 628Barrow, M. (December, 2014). British Life and Culture. http//resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/questions/class.htm.Cone, J. H. (1991). Martin & Malcolm & America A dream or a nightmare. Maryknoll, N.Y Orbis Books.David L. & Weimer A. (2009). Policy Analysis Concepts and Practice. PearsonDomhoff, G. W. (1977). The ruling class in America. refreshing York Psychology today.Gilbert, D. & Kahl, A. (1993). The American Class Structure A New Synthesis. Belmont Wadsworth Publishing Co.Hamilton, A., Madison, J., Jay, J., & Ball, T. (2003). The Federalist. Cambridge, U.K Cambridge University shake up.Hess, C. (2006). Introduction. C. Hess, E. Ostrom, eds. UnderstandingHorowitz, D. A. (2003). Americas political class under fire 20th century social guardians as strangers. New York Routledge.Jensen, B. (2012). Reading classes On culture and classism in America. Ithaca ILR Press.Kadi, J. (1996). Thinking class sketches from a cultural workers. South End Press MIKim, S., & National Bureau of Economic Research. (2007). Institutions and U.S. regional development A study of Massachusetts and Virginia. Cambridge, Mass National Bureau of Economic Research.Knowledge as a Commons From Theory to Practice. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MassachusettsMassey, M. E., & Magnetic Video Corporation. (1976). What you are is where you were when. Farmington Hills, Mich Magnetic Video Corp.National Archives. (December, 2014). The charters of freedom. A New World at Hand.Olson, M. (1971). The logic of collective action. Harvard University Press Oxford MAPaine, T. (1999). Rights of Man Courier Corporation Mineloa NYPrentice Hall. p. 72.Rosenberg, N. (2008). The Hollow Hope Can Courts Bring About Social Change? pelf University of Chicago Press. Chapters 1, 12.Rowe n, B. (December, 2014). US Voting Rights. Information Please.T, Classism Does NOT Go Both Ways. www.gradientlair.com. (September, 2014)Thomas, J. (December, 2014). Womens Rights. The Curse of 1920.Young, I. M. (2000). Inclusion and democracy. Oxford Oxford University Press.Zinn, H. (2003). A peoples history of the United States 1492-2001.Zweig, M. (2000).The Working Class Majority Americas Best Kept Secret. Ithaca, NY Cornell University PressSource document

Jollibee Foods Essay

1. On what key resources and capabilities did Jollibee build its market position in the Philippines? Jollibees success in its home market developed as a result of its baron to better meet the needs of the Filipino customer. Although its success was mediated by the semipolitical and economic crises of 1983, Jollibee was still able to deliver a product that both cheaper and better tasting than that of McDonalds. As one of the 5 Fs, flexibility was an asset of Jollibee. The ability to push forward the Champ burger, competing with the Big Mac, highlights a source of competitive emolument. Market research indicated that Filipinos preferred Jollibee burgers spicy taste to McDonalds plain beef cattle patty. Another source of competitive advantage was Jollibee being able to broaden its core menu of chicken, spaghetti, and a peach-mango dessert pie during the economic and political crisis. McDonalds conflicting brand appeal faded making Jollibee dominantly present in the market with 31 st ores. Implementing the 5 Fs philosophy and the ability to offer all of these to customers at an cheap price was a well developed operations management capability. Jollibee was able to deliver quality food and service consistently and efficiently in a fun and friendly environment. These were key success factors that allowed Jollibee to expand quickly throughout the Philippines. 2. Which of these deliver prolong advantage?The flexibility to cater to customer needs is a sustained advantage. Not only did Jollibee create a spicy burger that appealed to native Filipinos, they also were able to customize meals for local tastes in foreign markets. Another sustained advantage was the international strategy to target expatriates and planting the flag. The targeting of expatriates allowed the company to ease its transition into an unfamiliar market. The popularity amongst expats could generate publicity and attract walk-in traffic from non-FilipinoListValuable? high-minded?Difficult to Imita te?Without Substitutes?Implications for Competitiveness? Developing spicy burger preferred by FilipinosYesYesNoNoTemporary competitive advantage Opening stores wherecompetitors had little or no presenceYesYesNoNoTemporary competitive advantageFlexibility to adapt to local customer needsYesYesYesYesSustainable competitive advantage International strategy targeting expatriates and planting the flagYesYesYesYesSustainable competitive advantageExpanding overseas into new marketsYesNoNoNoCompetitive parity

Introduction to Sociology

05/12/2011 Oana Cristina Merca Introduction to Sociological Themes and Perspectives The word sociology has its roots from the Latin socius which means companion and the Greek ology which means the study of. So basically, Sociology is unrivalled of the loving sciences which aim is to explain human behaviour. Unlike Psychology, Sociology is much more concerned about social groups behaviour including whole societies and even off international and global groups. Of all the social sciences it is Sociology that most closely scrutinizes change and conflict in the wider society.The range of the discipline, and the importance of the arguments that are disputed within it, nevertheless make it the most exciting of the social sciences. However, it was not until the nineteenth century, as a consequence of industrial revolution, that we see a concern with society as a direct object of study. We could then determine, once and for all, what sort of social changes were possible. In its present f orm, Sociology embraces a range of different views concerning both what a social science should compromise, and what might be the proper subject-matter of Sociology in particular.The latter provides perhaps the best way of making sense of the discipline. This essay will explain, compare and discriminate three of the main perspectives in Sociology Functionalism, Marxism and Feminism. The founder of the Functionalism perspective was Emile Durkheim (1858-1917), whose theory was then further developed by Robert Merton (1910-2003). The Functionalist looks at society as a dead body where everything has a social function. There are formal organizations as law, education, the family, the media, political system and informal social actions such as suicide, love, and crime. Altogether serve a function and have consequences on society.Crime is normal and found in every society. It shows us what is acceptable or not. Crime produces rituals as court processes and boundaries which show us who i s in and who is out. Durkheim believed that a very high rate of crime or deviance shows that something had gone wrong with the society. Suicide is a social phenomenon which can be explained by things such as religion, stinting situation, social structure, sexual orientation. Suicide is higher in protestant than catholic countries, more common among single heap than married, more common in military than among civilians, rates of suicide drop in time of ar and they are higher in times of economic crisis. The anomie theory of Robert Merton (1957) is distinguished between cultural goals (material possessions, status symbols) and institutional means (opportunities to achieve these goals in a socially acceptable way). The situation where is to a fault much emphasis on the cultural goals and not enough on the institutional means is known as anomie. Talcott Parsons (1951) is talking about two basic functions of the family the reproduction and the stabilisation of adult personality.

Ethics: an Overview

Human Resource Management Summer 2009 Session B To Lie or No to Lie 1) Polygraph essaying began in the early 20th century. The first celebrated case using a polygraph test was the Lindberg pamper kidnapping. Polygraph tests a popular among the branches of law enforcement (FBI, CIA and Homeland Security). There are distinct advantages and disadvantages to utilizing polygraph tests in the workplace. The advantages to using a polygraph test in the workplace are that the test allows the individual(s) in question to give their side of the story. It protects the governing from being discriminatory towards and particular group or faith. It shows employees that the organization is willing to go to great lengths to relegate out what has occurred. This type of action should be recorded into the employee manual to protect against any future issues. The disadvantages to polygraph testing are that employees may see the test as an infringement of their rights. The employee may refuse to take t he test, especially if it is not part of company policy. The testing could be manipulated to reflect a desired outcome.The testing is not admissible as evidence on a court of law in most states. 2) Drug testing at Team Fun is not legal in most of the United States. Before proceeding with any type of drug testing, especially any random drug testing, it is highly recommended that the organization consult with the state Department of Labor to confirm the guidelines with regard to company drug testing. The company should consider is this to be pre business or post employment drug testing. Most drug testing is done pre employment.Policies that should be instituted around random post employment drug testing are employees (supervisory and staff) are to deem educational programs about the drug testing, the drugs being tested and the event of having a positive result of a test (supervisory level education). The company should not or cannot terminate the post-employment employee for failing random drug test. This could result in litigation against the organization. In the event of a positive drug test, the company is to recommend or provide counseling or rehabilitation for the employee found to be an addict to one of the drugs in the screening process. ) In the case of a pre employee submitting to a random drug test the following go are to be taken. 1) The employee filled out the appropriate applications and paperwork, the employee is to proceed to the outside vendor for completion of the drug test. erstwhile the results are received. 2) The next phase of the employee hiring process takes place. In the case of a post hired employee submitting to a random drug test the following steps are to be taken. 1) The employee is to report to an offsite third party vendor to complete the drug screening (this can be by blood, by urine or by saliva). ) Once the resulted are founded and if the findings are negative, employee is free to resume his/her duties for the organization. If the results are found to be positive, the HRM department begins to take steps to give the employee the best tutorship possible and the best references within the scope of their influence. 4) The organizational issues that are relevant to this discussion are the mission of the organization, the lack of discipline within the organization, the lack of create verbally and enforced policy of the organization as well.The leadership wanted to institute an organization of levity, of positivity and of fulfillment for its employees. This all well and good, a company moldiness establish guidelines for its employees to function to the best of their abilities and to feel that sense of fun within those constraints. Having no disciplinary policies put this organization at risk for litigation from dissatisfy employees and for any issues of thievery, disrespect and absences. You can have a positive and fun environment, as long as all parties understand the rules of the game and how to play th e game.

Across Five Aprils

In the book Across Five Aprils, by Irene Hunt, is set in the 1800s during the civil war between the Union, the northern parts of America, and the confederation, the southern parts of America. The story sets take away on a farm in southern Illinois, where Jethro and his mother, Ellen Creighton, live with his 8 siblings. As the war escalates, Jethros older brothers and his teacher go to help the war effort. Most of his brothers join the Union but Bill, his preferent brother, goes to join the Confederation.As the story progresses each of the brothers send mails to the family describing how to warfront is doing, which was contrary to how the newspapers described the warfront. After every conquest and every loss, the public opinion about the war and the customarys change from the slightest bit of news they hear. In the former(a) stages of the war, Ulysses S. Grant early victories for the Union at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. The family celebrates the victory, knowing nothing of how painful the battles truly were.After General Grants victories, people start to doubt and compare General McClellan, who was once featured in the newspaper in the north as being a brainy General. Later on in the war, the Union forces suffer large losses and General Grant is raspingly criticized by the press, who is later praised by the press and the people after the Battle of Gettysburg. This shows how easily influenced people are. They gratingly criticize or overly glorify after every battle and change their opinions about the Generals.Jethro shows his distrust to the press and other peoples opinions when he is asked if he is going against General Grant. He replies by saying No, I aint. Things went against him-(Ch6 pg. 100). As the war is raging throughout the land, Jethros family receives earn from his brothers. In those letters they describe the terrors of war but try to moderate how much they put in the letter to not make the family worry. Jethro watches as people are overjo yed by the victories and angry about losses.Jethro realizes that there is great contrast between the victories described by his brothers and the victories described in the newspapers. At the near end of the war, Jethro watches as the same people who criticized grant and the Union, cheer and say that I told you so old Unconditional abjure Grant is the man who will win the war. (Ch10 pg. 168). This demonstrates how easily people are swayed and how easily they are equal to(p) change their opinions.